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- <text id=91TT2710>
- <title>
- Dec. 09, 1991: Strategy for Survival
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Dec. 09, 1991 One Nation, Under God
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 36
- SOVIET UNION
- Strategy for Survival
- </hdr><body>
- <p>How one Soviet enterprise uses barter, stock offerings and joint
- ventures to keep its assembly lines running
- </p>
- <p> Moving at a snail's pace past webs of black cables and
- dangling automatic wrenches, the bumper-to-bumper column of
- olive green military trucks crawls down an assembly line that
- stretches for more than half a mile. As the vehicles move along,
- workers clamber aboard to tighten bolts, check wiring, start
- engines. On a parallel belt a few yards away, other men and
- women are putting the finishing touches on similar civilian
- models, painted in red, orange and gray. The two production
- lines at the Kama automotive factory (KAMAZ) in Naberezhnye
- Chelny, 600 miles east of Moscow, used to turn out close to
- 150,000 heavy-duty trucks a year, monopolizing the Soviet market
- and equaling the annual production in the U.S.
- </p>
- <p> All too often these days, however, the lumbering columns
- grind to a halt. The problem: lack of parts. The workers, who
- are paid according to how many trucks they can build, complain
- about the delays and often have to work on weekends to keep up
- production quotas--and income.
- </p>
- <p> That pattern is repeated in thousands of factories
- struggling to break free from the grip of a centralized system.
- As the republics and regions attempt to assert control over
- their natural resources and manufacturing facilities, a chaotic,
- dog-eat-dog economy has developed in which enterprises must fend
- for themselves, scouring the entire country for parts and
- supplies.
- </p>
- <p> Because of its size, KAMAZ would seem to be particularly
- vulnerable. The complex was designed in the 1970s to be the
- largest heavy-duty-truck manufacturer in the world, with 18
- separate plants, including foundries and metal-pressing works--all to be serviced by partners in the 15 former Soviet
- republics on which KAMAZ depends for 40% of its components.
- </p>
- <p> But Naberezhnye Chelny, a factory city of half a million
- people, of whom more than one-third labor for KAMAZ, appears to
- be weathering the economic storm fairly well. Keeping the
- workers supplied with food and consumer goods is as much a
- priority as securing parts for the plant. A chain of
- factory-owned stores sells refrigerators and television sets,
- winter clothes, lingerie, lipstick and shampoo--all long
- absent from Moscow stores--at controlled prices. KAMAZ has
- developed its own strategy for survival, using the barter
- tactics of the bazaar and the hustle of Wall Street. Thus the
- factory swaps new trucks in direct exchange for rubber tubing
- or electrical parts or sheet metal; the vehicles also figure in
- second- and third-hand exchanges, being traded for copper
- wiring, for example, which is bartered for bread, which in turn
- is exchanged for meat.
- </p>
- <p> The company is creating its own kind of capitalism. Under
- the leadership of president Nikolai Bekh, 45, it became the
- first Soviet firm to offer shares to private domestic and
- foreign investors and has shrewdly reimbursed many suppliers
- throughout the country with blocks of stock. KAMAZ also makes
- loans to key suppliers struggling to stay afloat.
- </p>
- <p> What KAMAZ desperately needs is to break into
- international markets, where, as Bekh puts it, "we are not
- wanted." In October the company signed a fifty-fifty joint
- venture with the American diesel manufacturer Cummins Engine Co.
- to produce, for hard-currency sale, a low-priced truck with a
- state-of-the-art Cumengine built at Naberezhnye Chelny.
- </p>
- <p> Such enterprise has made Bekh a force to be reckoned with
- in Moscow: he has warned the Kremlin as well as the leadership
- of the Russian Federation against meddling with the budding
- sector of private entrepreneurs. Since KAMAZ is keeping its
- assembly lines moving, even in today's troubled times, Bekh's
- words ought to carry considerable weight.
- </p>
- <p>By John Kohan/Naberezhnye Chelny.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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